In the Mandarin Chinese language, 5 tones changes do exist for each Hanzi(汉字) character [1]. In Japanese, it has 2 changes for the pronunciation of words/phrases: high and low tones. And with the change of high and low voice of kanas(仮名) in a long words/phrases, many combination of voices are produced. There are basically 4 types of pronunciations[2]:

Chinese tones in voice

In Mandarin Chinese, there are 5 tones in voice (Although in reference [1], they concluded 4 types of tones, the 5th light tone is neglected). What’s unique is that the change of tones is applied to each Hanzi character. One Hanzi character could have different pronunciation. And one pronunciation may relate to different Hanzi character with the change of tones. One typical example is like this.

  • tone 1: maˉm\bar{a} (妈) n, mother.

  • tone 2: maˊm\acute{a} (麻) n, a class of plants.

  • tone 3: maˇm\check{a} (马) n, a horse.

  • tone 4: maˋm\grave{a} (骂) v, scold, accuse, quarrel.

  • tone 5: mama (嘛) auxi, put at the end of a sentence for question/exclamation.

Japanese tones in voice

  • type 1: first kana sound low and the rest kanas sound high.

  • type 2: first kana sound high and the rest kana sound low.

  • type 3: first kana sound low, start from second kana sound high and the rest several kanas sound low. Pay attention, for type 3 there could be the low sound for the last 1, 2, or 3 kanas.

  • type 4: first kana sound low, from second kana to the last second kanas sound high and the last kana sound low.

We can conclude from these rules, that in Japanese language, there will only be one drop of voice (from high to low) in a words/phrases. A more intuitive picture of the 4 types can be seen from the below figure.

Japanese tones of voice{width=400px}

Reference

[1] https://www.thoughtco.com/four-tones-of-mandarin-2279480

[2] 人民教育出版社,中日交流:标准日本语,初级(上),北京,2005,新版.